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Contents
TopSYNOPSIS
Topttree [options] [files]
DESCRIPTION
TopThe ttree script is used to process entire directory trees containing template files. The resulting output from processing each file is then written to a corresponding file in a destination directory. The script compares the modification times of source and destination files (where they already exist) and processes only those files that have been modified. In other words, it is the equivalent of 'make' for the Template Toolkit.
It supports a number of options which can be used to configure behaviour,
define locations and set Template Toolkit options. The script first reads
the .ttreerc configuration file in the HOME directory, or an
alternative file specified in the TTREERC environment variable. Then, it
processes any command line arguments, including any additional
configuration files specified via the -f (file) option.
The .ttreerc Configuration File
TopWhen you run ttree for the first time it will ask you if you want it to create a .ttreerc file for you. This will be created in your home directory.
$ ttree Do you want me to create a sample '.ttreerc' file for you? (file: /home/abw/.ttreerc) [y/n]: y /home/abw/.ttreerc created. Please edit accordingly and re-run ttree
The purpose of this file is to set any global configuration
options that you want applied every time ttree is run. For
example, you can use the ignore and copy option
to provide regular expressions that specify which files should be ignored
and which should be copied rather than being processed as templates. You
may also want to set flags like verbose and
recurse according to your preference.
A minimal .ttreerc:
# ignore these files ignore = \b(CVS|RCS)\b ignore = ^# ignore = ~$ # copy these files copy = \.(gif|png|jpg|pdf)$ # recurse into directories recurse # provide info about what's going on verbose
In most cases, you'll want to create a different ttree
configuration file for each project you're working on. The
cfg option allows you to specify a directory where
ttree can find further configuration files.
cfg = /home/abw/.ttree
The -f command line option can be used to specify which
configuration file should be used. You can specify a filename using an
absolute or relative path:
$ ttree -f /home/abw/web/example/etc/ttree.cfg $ ttree -f ./etc/ttree.cfg $ ttree -f ../etc/ttree.cfg
If the configuration file does not begin with / or
. or something that looks like a MS-DOS absolute path (e.g.
C:\\etc\\ttree.cfg) then ttree will look for it in
the directory specified by the cfg option.
$ ttree -f test1 # /home/abw/.ttree/test1
The cfg option can only be used in the .ttreerc file.
All the other options can be used in the .ttreerc or any other
ttree configuration file. They can all also be specified as
command line options.
Remember that .ttreerc is always processed before any
configuration file specified with the -f option. Certain
options like lib can be used any number of times and
accumulate their values.
For example, consider the following configuration files:
/home/abw/.ttreerc:
cfg = /home/abw/.ttree lib = /usr/local/tt2/templates
/home/abw/.ttree/myconfig:
lib = /home/abw/web/example/templates/lib
When ttree is invoked as follows:
$ ttree -f myconfig
the lib option will be set to the following directories:
/usr/local/tt2/templates /home/abw/web/example/templates/lib
Any templates located under /usr/local/tt2/templates will be used in preference to those located under /home/abw/web/example/templates/lib. This may be what you want, but then again, it might not. For this reason, it is good practice to keep the .ttreerc as simple as possible and use different configuration files for each ttree project.
Directory Options
Top
The src option is used to define the directory containing
the source templates to be processed. It can be provided as a command
line option or in a configuration file as shown here:
src = /home/abw/web/example/templates/src
Each template in this directory typically corresponds to a single web page or other document.
The dest option is used to specify the destination directory
for the generated output.
dest = /home/abw/web/example/html
The lib option is used to define one or more directories
containing additional library templates. These templates are not
documents in their own right and typically comprise of smaller, modular
components like headers, footers and menus that are incorporated into
pages templates.
lib = /home/abw/web/example/templates/lib lib = /usr/local/tt2/templates
The lib option can be used repeatedly to add further
directories to the search path.
A list of templates can be passed to ttree as command line arguments.
$ ttree foo.html bar.html
It looks for these templates in the src directory and
processes them through the Template Toolkit, using any additional
template components from the lib directories. The generated
output is then written to the corresponding file in the dest
directory.
If ttree is invoked without explicitly specifying any templates to
be processed then it will process every file in the src
directory. If the -r (recurse) option is set then it will
additionally iterate down through sub-directories and process and other
template files it finds therein.
$ ttree -r
If a template has been processed previously, ttree will compare the modification times of the source and destination files. If the source template (or one it is dependant on) has not been modified more recently than the generated output file then ttree will not process it. The -a (all) option can be used to force ttree to process all files regardless of modification time.
$ tree -a
Any templates explicitly named as command line argument are always processed and the modification time checking is bypassed.
File Options
Top
The ignore, copy and accept
options are used to specify Perl regexen to filter file names. Files that
match any of the ignore options will not be processed.
Remaining files that match any of the copy regexen will be
copied to the destination directory. Remaining files that then match any
of the accept criteria are then processed via the Template
Toolkit. If no accept parameter is specified then all files
will be accepted for processing if not already copied or ignored.
# ignore these files ignore = \b(CVS|RCS)\b ignore = ^# ignore = ~$ # copy these files copy = \.(gif|png|jpg|pdf)$ # accept only .tt2 templates accept = \.tt2$
The suffix option is used to define mappings between the
file extensions for source templates and the generated output files. The
following example specifies that source templates with a
.tt2 suffix should be output as .html files:
suffix tt2=html
Or on the command line,
--suffix tt2=html
You can provide any number of different suffix mappings by repeating this option.
Template Dependencies
Top
The depend and depend_file options allow you to
specify how any given template file depends on another file or group of
files. The depend option is used to express a single
dependency.
$ ttree --depend foo=bar,baz
This command line example shows the --depend option being
used to specify that the foo file is dependant on the bar
and baz templates. This option can be used many time on the
command line:
$ ttree --depend foo=bar,baz --depend crash=bang,wallop
or in a configuration file:
depend foo=bar,baz depend crash=bang,wallop
The file appearing on the left of the = is specified
relative to the src or lib directories. The
file(s) appearing on the right can be specified relative to any of these
directories or as absolute file paths.
For example:
$ ttree --depend foo=bar,/tmp/baz
To define a dependency that applies to all files, use * on
the left of the =.
$ ttree --depend *=header,footer
or in a configuration file:
depend *=header,footer
Any templates that are defined in the pre_process,
post_process, process or wrapper
options will automatically be added to the list of global dependencies
that apply to all templates.
The depend_file option can be used to specify a file that
contains dependency information.
$ ttree --depend_file=/home/abw/web/example/etc/ttree.dep
Here is an example of a dependency file:
# This is a comment. It is ignored. index.html: header footer menubar header: titlebar hotlinks menubar: menuitem # spanning multiple lines with the backslash another.html: header footer menubar \ sidebar searchform
Lines beginning with the # character are comments and are
ignored. Blank lines are also ignored. All other lines should provide a
filename followed by a colon and then a list of dependant files separated
by whitespace, commas or both. Whitespace around the colon is also
optional. Lines ending in the \ character are continued onto
the following line.
Files that contain spaces can be quoted. That is only necessary for files after the colon (':'). The file before the colon may be quoted if it contains a colon.
As with the command line options, the * character can be
used as a wildcard to specify a dependency for all templates.
* : config,header
Template Toolkit Options
Top
ttree also provides access to the usual range of Template Toolkit
options. For example, the --pre_chomp and
--post_chomp ttree options correspond to the
PRE_CHOMP and POST_CHOMP options.
Run ttree -h for a summary of the options available.
AUTHORS
TopAndy Wardley <abw@wardley.org>
With contributions from Dylan William Hardison (support for
dependencies), Bryce Harrington (absolute and
relative options), Mark Anderson (suffix and
debug options), Harald Joerg and Leon Brocard who gets
everywhere, it seems.
COPYRIGHT
TopCopyright (C) 1996-2007 Andy Wardley. All Rights Reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.